What’s In DuelFuel & Why

What’s In DuelFuel & Why.

DuelFuel’s flapjacks, brownies and cake slices are packed full of the greatest tasting and highest quality ingredients to not only give your tastebuds a tickle, but also to feed and support your engine before, during and after exercise.

So what’s in DuelFuel and why?...Here’s the A-Z lowdown on some of DuelFuel’s key ingredients:

Blueberries

It’s no wonder blueberries have become a popular source for many to support health and performance, as they are loaded with powerful antioxidant substances^[1] and have been suggested to increase the antioxidant value of the blood.^[2] These antioxidants properties have the potential to support the immune function.

Blueberries are a good source of Vitamins A, C, B6, E & K; along with calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, folate, copper, choline and manganese.^[3]

Coconut Sugar

Coconut sugar comes from coconut palm sap and is made by evaporating the water from the sap, resulting in the formation of golden-brown granules.

One recent study suggests that whereas regular refined sugar doesn’t contain any vital nutrients, coconut sugar does retain many of the nutrients found in the coconut palm, including potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, calcium and potassium, along with antioxidants.^[4]

Coconut sugar also contains a fibre called inulin, which may slow glucose absorption and explain why coconut sugar has a lower glycemic index than regular table sugar.^[5]

Collagen

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, with one study suggesting it accounts for over 15% of an average male’s body weight^[6].

There are over sixteen types of collagen in the body, but the majority of it is type 1, 2 or 3, with each one playing a specific role^[7]; Type 1 builds skin, bones, tendons and ligaments, type 2 helps build cartilage and type 3 contributes to building and maintaining muscles and blood vessels^[8].

So, collagen is important. Problem is though our body’s collagen is in a state of permanent breakdown and replenishment, with the breakdown being influenced by our natural aging process – we gradually make less collagen as we get older, in addition to excessive exposure to sunlight, smoking, too much alcohol and lack of sleep and exercise. We can support our bodies make more collagen by eating good sources of it.

DuelFuel’s brownies and cake slices contain nearly 12g of collagen and studies have shown the benefits of including collagen in the diet are numerous^[9] ranging from improvement in skin elasticity^[10],^[11] ^[12] to strengthened soft and connective tissues^[13] ^[14] ^[15].

Topping up your collagen isn’t difficult. It’s a piece of cake….or a brownie.

Cranberries

Cranberries are a good source of Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin E, Vitamin K1 and copper and are also very high in bioactive plant compounds and antioxidants^[16].

Golden Date Syrup

Date syrup not only tastes terrific, but studies suggest it can support inflammation management too^[17] ^[18] ^[19]. Great news if you’ve just face-planted from an ill-timed box jump.

For such a small fruit, dates come packed with one heck of a lot of vitamins and minerals and include zinc, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B6, and vitamin A.

Maple Syrup

Many terrific things come from Canada, not least of which are ice hockey, Justin Beiber and – our personal favourite, Celine Dion. Arguably though, maple syrup sits at the top of the list.

Made from the sap of a number of varieties of maple tree native to Canada and the United States, maple syrup is a good source of calcium, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese^[20], with one study identifying over twenty-four separate anti-oxidants^[21].

Milk Protein

Milk protein isolate is a protein rich product derived from milk that is rich in caseinate and whey proteins in very similar ratios to milk; 80% caseinate, 20% whey^[22]. Milk protein isolate also contains all nine essential amino acids^[23] and is a great source of leucine, one of the nine essential amino acids that supports muscle protein synthesis^[24] ^[25].

Casinate proteins are slower to digest than whey proteins, the result being the amino acids contained in caseinate are released at a slow, sustained rate^[26], with one study suggesting this steady supply of amino acids may help to maintain and repair muscle mass after exercise and during sleep^[27].

In addition to supporting muscle recovery, milk protein isolate may also play a role in improved bone strength^[28] ^[29].

Good ol’ milk protein isolate, we say.

Milk, Dark & White Protein Chocolate

Who says something great tasting can’t be good for us too? Our three delicious chocolate toppings contain twenty-five percent whey protein concentrate^[30].

Wholegrain Jumbo & Porridge Oats

DuelFuel only uses jumbo and porridge wholegrain oats, to give DuelFuel’s flapjack range that terrific texture and eating experience.

The only difference between jumbo and porridge oats is the size to which they have been milled. Porridge oats are milled for longer and are therefore smaller than jumbo oats.

Irrespective of their size, all DuelFuel’s oats are whole grain, which consist of three main parts^[31] ^[32]

Bran:
The hard outer layer of the grain, which contains fibre, minerals and antioxidants
Germ:
The nutrient-rich core that contains carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and various phytonutrients. The germ is the part that gives rise to a new plant
Endosperm:
The biggest part of the grain, contains mostly carbohydrates in the form of starch and protein

A refined grain has had the bran and germ removed, leaving just the endosperm^[33] and tend to be of less nutritional benefit, whereas whole grains are high in fibre, vitamins B1, B2 & B3, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, manganese and selenium. We put the whole of the oat into our flapjacks, to derive the most nutritional benefit.

Peanuts & Peanut Butter

Did you know a peanut isn’t a nut? No Bro, neither did we until we looked it up, but peanuts are classified as legumes; along with foods like green peas, soybeans and lentils and grow below the ground of the peanut plant.

Peanuts are pocket-rockets of fat, protein and fibre^[34]. The fat is unsaturated, which is widely thought to be a heart-friendly fat^[35] and some studies suggest that when eaten in small amounts daily, peanuts can reduce the risk of many chronic diseases.^[36]

We love peanuts because they are a good source of biotin^[37] ^[38], copper^[39], Vitamin B3 (Niacin)^[40], folate, manganese, Vitamin E, thiamine, phosphorous and magnesium.

Pecans

In a nutritional throwdown pecans can go toe-to-toe against the mighty peanut and have the added advantage that they are in fact…nuts and not nut wannabes. They are also a nutrition powerhouse, packing a 1-2-3 punch of protein, healthy fats - one study suggests they contribute to a reduction in the risk of heart disease^[41] and fibre.

They also come fully loaded with a host of vitamins and minerals including copper, Vitamin B1, zinc, magnesium, phosphorous and iron.^[42]

Raspberries

The little ol’ raspberry holds its own against the swagger of the blueberry and is a source of vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, calcium and zinc ^[43] and can also boast anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties.

Vitamins & Minerals Blend

All our flapjacks, brownies and cake slices contain exactly the same twenty-seven vitamins and minerals blend; the combination of which supports the body during and after exercise. Here’s what each of the twenty-seven vits and mins team contribute to:

					Energy-Yielding Metabolism	Nervous System	Immune System	Reduction of Tiredness & Fatigue	Protection from Oxidative Stress	Psychological Function	Bone Strength	Red Blood Cell Formation	Cell Division	Muscle Function	Macronutrient Metabolism	Metabolism of Iron	Heart Function	Protein Metabolism	Glycogen Metabolism	Amino acid synthesis
VITAMINS	Per 100g	%RI	Per 75g	%RI
Vitamin A µg	427	53	320	40			◉									◉
Vitamin D µg	2.7	53	2	40			◉						◉	◉
Vitamin E mg	6.4	53	4.8	40					◉
Vitamin K1 µg	40	53	30	40							◉
Vitamin K2 µg	40	53	30	40							◉
Vitamin C mg	53	67	40	50	◉	◉	◉	◉	◉	◉						◉
Vitamin B1 Thiamin mg	0.7	67	0.55	50	◉	◉				◉							◉
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin mg	0.9	67	0.7	50	◉	◉		◉	◉			◉				◉	◉
Vitamin B3 Niacin mg	11	67	8	50	◉	◉		◉		◉
Vitamin B6 mg	0.9	67	0.7	50	◉	◉	◉	◉		◉		◉						◉	◉
Folic Acid µg	133	67	100	50			◉	◉		◉		◉	◉							◉
Vitamin B12 µg	1.7	67	1.3	50	◉	◉	◉	◉		◉		◉	◉
Biotin µg	33	67	25	50	◉	◉									◉
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid mg	4	67	3	50	◉			◉

					Energy-Yielding Metabolism	Nervous System	Immune System	Reduction of Tiredness & Fatigue	Protection from Oxidative Stress	Psychological Function	Bone Strength	Red Blood Cell Formation	Cell Division	Muscle Function	Cognitive Function	Macronutrient Metabolism	Thyroid Function	Protein Synthesis	Maintenance of Connective Tissues	Normal Blood Pressure	Digestion	Neurotransmission	Cell membrane Function	Electrolyte Balance	Transport of Oxygen in the Body	Carbohydrate metabolism	Metabolism of Vitamin A	Transport of Iron	Production of Thyroid Homehomes
MINERALS	Per 100g	%RI	Per 75g	%RI
Potassium mg	400	20	300	15		◉								◉						◉
Chloride mg	363	45	272	34																	◉
Calcium mg	160	20	120	15	◉						◉			◉								◉
Phosphorus mg	140	20	105	15	◉						◉												◉
Magnesium mg	75	20	56	15	◉	◉		◉		◉			◉	◉	◉			◉						◉
Iron mg	5.6	40	4.2	30	◉		◉	◉				◉	◉		◉										◉
Zinc mg	4.0	40	3	30			◉		◉		◉				◉	◉		◉								◉	◉
Copper mg	0.4	40	0.3	30	◉	◉	◉		◉										◉									◉
Manganese mg	0.8	40	0.6	30	◉				◉		◉								◉
Selenium µg	23	41	17	30			◉		◉								◉
Chromium µg	16.0	40	12	30												◉
Molybdenum µg	20.0	40	15	30								◉
Iodine µg	60.0	40	45	30	◉	◉									◉		◉												◉

References

References 1-20

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^[2] Chen CF, Li YD, Xu Z. [Chemical principles and bioactivities of blueberry]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2010 Apr;45(4):422-9. Chinese. PMID: 21355205.

^[3] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171711/nutrients

^[4] Asghar MT, Yusof YA, Mokhtar MN, et al. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties. Food Sci Nutr. 2019;8(4):1777-1787. Published 2019 Sep 30. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1191

^[5] Trinidad TP, Characterising Coconut Sap Sugar and Syrup as a Promising Functional Food/Ingredient BMJ Open 2015;5:bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.79. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.79

^[6] ZiMian Wang, Wei Shen, Donald P Kotler, Stanley Heshka, Lucian Wielopolski, John F Aloia, Miriam E Nelson, Richard N Pierson, Jr, Steven B Heymsfield, Total body protein: a new cellular level mass and distribution prediction model, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 78, Issue 5, November 2003, Pages 979–984, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.5.979

^[7] Matthew D. Shoulders and Ronald T. Raines Collagen Structure and Stability Annual Review of Biochemistry 2009 78:1, 929-958

^[8] Ricard-Blum S. The collagen family. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011;3(1):a004978. Published 2011 Jan 1. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a004978

^[9] Paul C, Leser S, Oesser S. Significant Amounts of Functional Collagen Peptides Can Be Incorporated in the Diet While Maintaining Indispensable Amino Acid Balance. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1079. Published 2019 May 15. doi:10.3390/nu11051079

^[10] Proksch E, Segger D, Degwert J, Schunck M, Zague V, Oesser S. Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(1):47-55. doi: 10.1159/000351376. Epub 2013 Aug 14. PMID: 23949208.

^[11] Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, Koenig D. Corrigendum: Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017 Nov;42(11):1237. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0693. Erratum for: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017 Jun;42(6):588-595. PMID: 29081241.

^[12] Clark KL, Sebastianelli W, Flechsenhar KR, Aukermann DF, Meza F, Millard RL, Deitch JR, Sherbondy PS, Albert A. 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 May;24(5):1485-96. doi: 10.1185/030079908x291967. Epub 2008 Apr 15. PMID: 18416885.

^[13] Praet SFE, Purdam CR, Welvaert M, Vlahovich N, Lovell G, Burke LM, Gaida JE, Manzanero S, Hughes D, Waddington G. Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Combined with Calf-Strengthening Exercises Enhances Function and Reduces Pain in Achilles Tendinopathy Patients. Nutrients. 2019 Jan 2;11(1):76. doi: 10.3390/nu11010076. PMID: 30609761; PMCID: PMC6356409.

^[14] Dressler P, Gehring D, Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, König D. Improvement of Functional Ankle Properties Following Supplementation with Specific Collagen Peptides in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability. J Sports Sci Med. 2018 May 14;17(2):298-304. PMID: 29769831; PMCID: PMC5950747.

^[15] Shaw G, Lee-Barthel A, Ross ML, Wang B, Baar K. Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;105(1):136-143. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138594. Epub 2016 Nov 16. PMID: 27852613; PMCID: PMC5183725.

^[16] Pappas E, Schaich KM. Phytochemicals of cranberries and cranberry products: characterization, potential health effects, and processing stability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Oct;49(9):741-81. doi: 10.1080/10408390802145377. PMID: 20443158.

^[17] Hajer Taleb, R.Keith. Morris, Cathryn E. Withycombe, Sarah E. Maddocks, Ara D. Kanekanian, Date syrup–derived polyphenols attenuate angiogenic responses and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells, Nutrition Research, Volume 36, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 636-647, ISSN 0271-5317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.010.

^[18] Taleb H, Maddocks SE, Morris RK, Kanekanian AD. Chemical characterisation and the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial properties of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.). J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:457-468. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.032. Epub 2016 Oct 10. PMID: 27729284.

^[19] Rahmani AH, Aly SM, Ali H, Babiker AY, Srikar S, Khan AA. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(3):483-491. Published 2014 Mar 15.

^[20] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169661/nutrients

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^[21] High-performance liquid chromatography characterization and identification of antioxidant polyphenols in maple syrup. 2008. Abou-Zaid, M.M.; Nozzolillo, C.; Tonon, A.; Coppens, M.D.; Lombardo, D.A. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 117-125. 2008

^[22] Davoodi SH, Shahbazi R, Esmaeili S, Sohrabvandi S, Mortazavian A, Jazayeri S, Taslimi A. Health-Related Aspects of Milk Proteins. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016 Summer;15(3):573-591. PMID: 27980594; PMCID: PMC5149046.

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^[25] Duan Y, Li F, Liu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Kong X, Zhang Y, Deng D, Tang Y, Feng Z, Wu G, Yin Y. Nutritional and regulatory roles of leucine in muscle growth and fat reduction. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2015 Jan 1;20:796-813. doi: 10.2741/4338. PMID: 25553480.

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^[27] Trommelen J, van Loon LJ. Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training. Nutrients. 2016;8(12):763. Published 2016 Nov 28. doi:10.3390/nu8120763

^[28] Uenishi K, Ishida H, Toba Y, Aoe S, Itabashi A, Takada Y. Milk basic protein increases bone mineral density and improves bone metabolism in healthy young women. Osteoporos Int. 2007 Mar;18(3):385-90. doi: 10.1007/s00198-006-0228-5. Epub 2006 Oct 18. PMID: 17048062.

^[29] Aoe S, Koyama T, Toba Y, Itabashi A, Takada Y. A controlled trial of the effect of milk basic protein (MBP) supplementation on bone metabolism in healthy menopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec;16(12):2123-8. doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-2012-3. Epub 2005 Aug 31. PMID: 16133638.

^[30] Averaged across the three variants of milk, dark and white protein chocolate

^[31] Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms Joanne Slavin Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2003), 62, 129–134 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/25042F202584EDAE68C7CBBFCDBB5471/S0029665103000211a.pdf/why-whole-grains-are-protective-biological-mechanisms.pdf

^[32] Joanne L Slavin, Margaret C Martini, David R Jacobs, Jr, Len Marquart, Plausible mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 70, Issue 3, September 1999, Pages 459s–463s, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.3.459s

^[33] Lyn M Steffen, David R Jacobs, Jr, June Stevens, Eyal Shahar, Teresa Carithers, Aaron R Folsom, Associations of whole-grain, refined-grain, and fruit and vegetable consumption with risks of all-cause mortality and incident coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 78, Issue 3, September 2003, Pages 383–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.383

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References 41-43

^[41] McKay, D.L.; Eliasziw, M.; Chen, C.Y.O.; Blumberg, J.B. A Pecan-Rich Diet Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018, 10, 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030339

^[42] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170182/nutrients

^[43] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/167755/nutrients