What’s In DuelFuel & Why.

DuelFuel’s flapjacks, brownies and cake slices are packed full of the greatest tasting and highest quality ingredients to not only give your tastebuds a tickle, but also to feed and support your engine before, during and after exercise.

So what’s in DuelFuel and why?...Here’s the A-Z lowdown on some of DuelFuel’s key ingredients:

Blueberries

It’s no wonder blueberries have become a popular source for many to support health and performance, as they are loaded with powerful antioxidant substances[1] and have been suggested to increase the antioxidant value of the blood.[2] These antioxidants properties have the potential to support the immune function.

Blueberries are a good source of Vitamins A, C, B6, E & K; along with calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, folate, copper, choline and  manganese.[3]

Coconut Sugar

Coconut sugar comes from coconut palm sap and is made by evaporating the water from the sap, resulting in the formation of golden-brown granules.

One recent study suggests that whereas regular refined sugar doesn’t contain any vital nutrients, coconut sugar does retain many of the nutrients found in the coconut palm, including potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, calcium and potassium, along with antioxidants.[4]

Coconut sugar also contains a fibre called inulin, which may slow glucose absorption and explain why coconut sugar has a lower glycemic index than regular table sugar.[5]

Collagen

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, with one study suggesting it accounts for over 15% of an average male’s body weight[6].

There are over sixteen types of collagen in the body, but the majority of it is type 1, 2 or 3, with each one playing a specific role[7]; Type 1 builds skin, bones, tendons and ligaments, type 2 helps build cartilage and type 3 contributes to building and maintaining muscles and blood vessels[8].

So, collagen is important. Problem is though our body’s collagen is in a state of permanent breakdown and replenishment, with the breakdown being influenced by our natural aging process – we gradually make less collagen as we get older, in addition to excessive exposure to sunlight, smoking, too much alcohol and lack of sleep and exercise. We can support our bodies make more collagen by eating good sources of it.

DuelFuel’s brownies and cake slices contain nearly 12g of collagen and studies have shown the benefits of including collagen in the diet are numerous[9] ranging from improvement in skin elasticity[10],[11] [12] to  strengthened soft and connective tissues[13] [14] [15].

Topping up your collagen isn’t difficult. It’s a piece of cake….or a brownie.

Cranberries

Cranberries are a good source of Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin E, Vitamin K1 and copper and are also very high in bioactive plant compounds and antioxidants[16].

Golden Date Syrup

Date syrup not only tastes terrific, but studies suggest it can support inflammation management too[17] [18] [19]. Great news if you’ve just face-planted from an ill-timed box jump.

For such a small fruit, dates come packed with one heck of a lot of vitamins and minerals and include zinc, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B6, and vitamin A.

Maple Syrup

Many terrific things come from Canada, not least of which are ice hockey, Justin Beiber and – our personal favourite, Celine Dion. Arguably though, maple syrup sits at the top of the list.

Made from the sap of a number of varieties of maple tree native to Canada and the United States, maple syrup is a good source of calcium, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese[20], with one study identifying over twenty-four separate anti-oxidants[21].

Milk Protein

Milk protein isolate is a protein rich product derived from milk that is rich in caseinate and whey proteins in very similar ratios to milk; 80% caseinate, 20% whey[22]. Milk protein isolate also contains all nine essential amino acids[23] and is a great source of leucine, one of the nine essential amino acids that supports muscle protein synthesis[24] [25].

Casinate proteins are slower to digest than whey proteins, the result being the amino acids contained in caseinate are released at a slow, sustained rate[26], with one study suggesting this steady supply of amino acids may help to maintain and repair muscle mass after exercise and during sleep[27].

In addition to supporting muscle recovery, milk protein isolate may also play a role in improved bone strength[28] [29].

Good ol’ milk protein isolate, we say.

Milk, Dark & White Protein Chocolate

Who says something great tasting can’t be good for us too? Our three delicious chocolate toppings contain twenty-five percent whey protein concentrate[30].

Wholegrain Jumbo & Porridge Oats

DuelFuel only uses jumbo and porridge wholegrain oats, to give DuelFuel’s flapjack range that terrific texture and eating experience.

The only difference between jumbo and porridge oats is the size to which they have been milled. Porridge oats are milled for longer and are therefore smaller than jumbo oats.

Irrespective of their size, all DuelFuel’s oats are whole grain, which consist of three main parts[31] [32]

  • Bran:

    The hard outer layer of the grain, which contains fibre, minerals and antioxidants

  • Germ:

    The nutrient-rich core that contains carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and various phytonutrients. The germ is the part that gives rise to a new plant

  • Endosperm:

    The biggest part of the grain, contains mostly carbohydrates in the form of starch and protein

A refined grain has had the bran and germ removed, leaving just the endosperm[33] and tend to be of less nutritional benefit, whereas whole grains are high in fibre, vitamins B1, B2 & B3, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, manganese and selenium. We put the whole of the oat into our flapjacks, to derive the most nutritional benefit.

Peanuts & Peanut Butter

Did you know a peanut isn’t a nut? No Bro, neither did we until we looked it up, but peanuts are classified as legumes; along with foods like green peas, soybeans and lentils and grow below the ground of the peanut plant.

Peanuts are pocket-rockets of fat, protein and fibre[34]. The fat is unsaturated, which is widely thought to be a heart-friendly fat[35] and some studies suggest that when eaten in small amounts daily, peanuts can reduce the risk of many chronic diseases.[36]

We love peanuts because they are a good source of biotin[37] [38], copper[39], Vitamin B3 (Niacin)[40], folate, manganese, Vitamin E, thiamine, phosphorous and magnesium.

Pecans

In a nutritional throwdown pecans can go toe-to-toe against the mighty peanut and have the added advantage that they are in fact…nuts and not nut wannabes. They are also a nutrition powerhouse, packing a 1-2-3 punch of protein, healthy fats - one study suggests they contribute to a reduction in the risk of heart disease[41] and fibre.

They also come fully loaded with a host of vitamins and minerals including copper, Vitamin B1, zinc, magnesium, phosphorous and iron.[42]

Raspberries

The little ol’ raspberry holds its own against the swagger of the blueberry and is a source of vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, calcium and zinc [43] and can also boast anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties.

Vitamins & Minerals Blend

All our flapjacks, brownies and cake slices contain exactly the same twenty-seven vitamins and minerals blend; the combination of which supports the body during and after exercise. Here’s what each of the twenty-seven vits and mins team contribute to:

            Energy-Yielding Metabolism Nervous System Immune System Reduction of Tiredness & Fatigue Protection from Oxidative Stress Psychological Function Bone Strength Red Blood Cell Formation Cell Division Muscle Function Cognitive Function Macronutrient Metabolism Metabolism of Iron Heart Function Thyroid Function Protein Synthesis Maintenance of Connective Tissues Protein Metabolism Glycogen Metabolism Amino acid synthesis Normal Blood Pressure Digestion Neurotransmission Cell membrane Function Electrolyte Balance Transport of Oxygen in the Body Carbohydrate metabolism Metabolism of Vitamin A Transport of Iron Production of Thyroid Homehomes
VITAMINS   Per 100g %RI Per 75g %RI                                                              
Vitamin A µg   427 53 320 40       ◉                   ◉                                  
Vitamin D µg   2.7 53 2 40       ◉           ◉ ◉                                        
Vitamin E mg   6.4 53 4.8 40           ◉                                                  
Vitamin K1 µg   40 53 30 40               ◉                                              
Vitamin K2 µg   40 53 30 40               ◉                                              
Vitamin C mg   53 67 40 50   ◉ ◉ ◉ ◉ ◉ ◉             ◉                                  
Vitamin B1 Thiamin mg   0.7 67 0.55 50   ◉ ◉       ◉               ◉                                
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin mg   0.9 67 0.7 50   ◉ ◉   ◉ ◉     ◉         ◉ ◉                                
Vitamin B3 Niacin mg   11 67 8 50   ◉ ◉   ◉   ◉                                                
Vitamin B6 mg   0.9 67 0.7 50   ◉ ◉ ◉ ◉   ◉   ◉                   ◉ ◉                      
Folic Acid µg   133 67 100 50       ◉ ◉   ◉   ◉ ◉                     ◉                    
Vitamin B12 µg   1.7 67 1.3 50   ◉ ◉ ◉ ◉   ◉   ◉ ◉                                          
Biotin µg   33 67 25 50   ◉ ◉                   ◉                                    
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid mg   4 67 3 50   ◉     ◉                                                  


            Energy-Yielding Metabolism Nervous System Immune System Reduction of Tiredness & Fatigue Protection from Oxidative Stress Psychological Function Bone Strength Red Blood Cell Formation Cell Division Muscle Function Cognitive Function Macronutrient Metabolism Metabolism of Iron Heart Function Thyroid Function Protein Synthesis Maintenance of Connective Tissues Protein Metabolism Glycogen Metabolism Amino acid synthesis Normal Blood Pressure Digestion Neurotransmission Cell membrane Function Electrolyte Balance Transport of Oxygen in the Body Carbohydrate metabolism Metabolism of Vitamin A Transport of Iron Production of Thyroid Homehomes
MINERALS   Per 100g %RI Per 75g %RI                                                              
Potassium mg   400 20 300 15     ◉               ◉                     ◉                  
Chloride mg   363 45 272 34                                             ◉                
Calcium mg   160 20 120 15   ◉           ◉     ◉                         ◉              
Phosphorus mg   140 20 105 15   ◉           ◉                                 ◉            
Magnesium mg   75 20 56 15   ◉ ◉   ◉   ◉     ◉ ◉ ◉         ◉                 ◉          
Iron mg   5.6 40 4.2 30   ◉   ◉ ◉       ◉ ◉   ◉                             ◉        
Zinc mg   4.0 40 3 30       ◉   ◉   ◉       ◉ ◉       ◉                     ◉ ◉    
Copper mg   0.4 40 0.3 30   ◉ ◉ ◉   ◉                       ◉                       ◉  
Manganese mg   0.8 40 0.6 30   ◉       ◉   ◉                   ◉                          
Selenium µg   23 41 17 30       ◉   ◉                   ◉                              
Chromium µg   16.0 40 12 30                         ◉                                    
Molybdenum µg   20.0 40 15 30                 ◉                                            
Iodine µg   60.0 40 45 30   ◉ ◉                 ◉       ◉                             ◉

References

References 1-20

[1] Kay CD, Holub BJ. The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on postprandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2002 Oct;88(4):389-98. doi: 10.1079/BJN2002665. PMID: 12323088.

[2] Chen CF, Li YD, Xu Z. [Chemical principles and bioactivities of blueberry]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2010 Apr;45(4):422-9. Chinese. PMID: 21355205.

[3] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171711/nutrients

[4] Asghar MT, Yusof YA, Mokhtar MN, et al. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties. Food Sci Nutr. 2019;8(4):1777-1787. Published 2019 Sep 30. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1191

[5] Trinidad TP, Characterising Coconut Sap Sugar and Syrup as a Promising Functional Food/Ingredient   BMJ Open 2015;5:bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.79. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.79

[6] ZiMian Wang, Wei Shen, Donald P Kotler, Stanley Heshka, Lucian Wielopolski, John F Aloia, Miriam E Nelson, Richard N Pierson, Jr, Steven B Heymsfield, Total body protein: a new cellular level mass and distribution prediction model, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 78, Issue 5, November 2003, Pages 979–984, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.5.979

[7] Matthew D. Shoulders and Ronald T. Raines Collagen Structure and Stability  Annual Review of Biochemistry 2009 78:1, 929-958

[8] Ricard-Blum S. The collagen family. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011;3(1):a004978. Published 2011 Jan 1. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a004978

[9] Paul C, Leser S, Oesser S. Significant Amounts of Functional Collagen Peptides Can Be Incorporated in the Diet While Maintaining Indispensable Amino Acid Balance. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1079. Published 2019 May 15. doi:10.3390/nu11051079

[10] Proksch E, Segger D, Degwert J, Schunck M, Zague V, Oesser S. Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(1):47-55. doi: 10.1159/000351376. Epub 2013 Aug 14. PMID: 23949208.

[11] Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, Koenig D. Corrigendum: Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017 Nov;42(11):1237. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0693. Erratum for: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017 Jun;42(6):588-595. PMID: 29081241.

[12] Clark KL, Sebastianelli W, Flechsenhar KR, Aukermann DF, Meza F, Millard RL, Deitch JR, Sherbondy PS, Albert A. 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 May;24(5):1485-96. doi: 10.1185/030079908x291967. Epub 2008 Apr 15. PMID: 18416885.

[13] Praet SFE, Purdam CR, Welvaert M, Vlahovich N, Lovell G, Burke LM, Gaida JE, Manzanero S, Hughes D, Waddington G. Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Combined with Calf-Strengthening Exercises Enhances Function and Reduces Pain in Achilles Tendinopathy Patients. Nutrients. 2019 Jan 2;11(1):76. doi: 10.3390/nu11010076. PMID: 30609761; PMCID: PMC6356409.

[14] Dressler P, Gehring D, Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, König D. Improvement of Functional Ankle Properties Following Supplementation with Specific Collagen Peptides in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability. J Sports Sci Med. 2018 May 14;17(2):298-304. PMID: 29769831; PMCID: PMC5950747.

[15] Shaw G, Lee-Barthel A, Ross ML, Wang B, Baar K. Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;105(1):136-143. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138594. Epub 2016 Nov 16. PMID: 27852613; PMCID: PMC5183725.

[16] Pappas E, Schaich KM. Phytochemicals of cranberries and cranberry products: characterization, potential health effects, and processing stability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Oct;49(9):741-81. doi: 10.1080/10408390802145377. PMID: 20443158.

[17] Hajer Taleb, R.Keith. Morris, Cathryn E. Withycombe, Sarah E. Maddocks, Ara D. Kanekanian, Date syrup–derived polyphenols attenuate angiogenic responses and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells, Nutrition Research, Volume 36, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 636-647, ISSN 0271-5317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.010.

[18] Taleb H, Maddocks SE, Morris RK, Kanekanian AD. Chemical characterisation and the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial properties of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.). J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:457-468. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.032. Epub 2016 Oct 10. PMID: 27729284.

[19] Rahmani AH, Aly SM, Ali H, Babiker AY, Srikar S, Khan AA. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(3):483-491. Published 2014 Mar 15.

[20] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169661/nutrients

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[21] High-performance liquid chromatography characterization and identification of antioxidant polyphenols in maple syrup. 2008. Abou-Zaid, M.M.; Nozzolillo, C.; Tonon, A.; Coppens, M.D.; Lombardo, D.A. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 117-125. 2008

[22] Davoodi SH, Shahbazi R, Esmaeili S, Sohrabvandi S, Mortazavian A, Jazayeri S, Taslimi A. Health-Related Aspects of Milk Proteins. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016 Summer;15(3):573-591. PMID: 27980594; PMCID: PMC5149046.

[23] Ishida H. [Milk, Daily products and Bone health.Nutritional Value of Milk and Dairy Products.]. Clin Calcium. 2018;28(4):483-491. Japanese. PMID: 29593134.

[24] Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Di Donato DM, Hector AJ, Mitchell CJ, Moore DR, Stellingwerff T, Breuille D, Offord EA, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Feb;99(2):276-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.068775. Epub 2013 Nov 27. PMID: 24284442.

[25] Duan Y, Li F, Liu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Kong X, Zhang Y, Deng D, Tang Y, Feng Z, Wu G, Yin Y. Nutritional and regulatory roles of leucine in muscle growth and fat reduction. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2015 Jan 1;20:796-813. doi: 10.2741/4338. PMID: 25553480.

[26] Wolfe RR. Update on protein intake: importance of milk proteins for health status of the elderly. Nutr Rev. 2015;73 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):41-47. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv021

[27] Trommelen J, van Loon LJ. Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training. Nutrients. 2016;8(12):763. Published 2016 Nov 28. doi:10.3390/nu8120763

[28] Uenishi K, Ishida H, Toba Y, Aoe S, Itabashi A, Takada Y. Milk basic protein increases bone mineral density and improves bone metabolism in healthy young women. Osteoporos Int. 2007 Mar;18(3):385-90. doi: 10.1007/s00198-006-0228-5. Epub 2006 Oct 18. PMID: 17048062.

[29] Aoe S, Koyama T, Toba Y, Itabashi A, Takada Y. A controlled trial of the effect of milk basic protein (MBP) supplementation on bone metabolism in healthy menopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec;16(12):2123-8. doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-2012-3. Epub 2005 Aug 31. PMID: 16133638.

[30] Averaged across the three variants of milk, dark and white protein chocolate

[31] Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms Joanne Slavin Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2003), 62, 129–134 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/25042F202584EDAE68C7CBBFCDBB5471/S0029665103000211a.pdf/why-whole-grains-are-protective-biological-mechanisms.pdf

[32] Joanne L Slavin, Margaret C Martini, David R Jacobs, Jr, Len Marquart, Plausible mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 70, Issue 3, September 1999, Pages 459s–463s, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.3.459s

[33] Lyn M Steffen, David R Jacobs, Jr, June Stevens, Eyal Shahar, Teresa Carithers, Aaron R Folsom, Associations of whole-grain, refined-grain, and fruit and vegetable consumption with risks of all-cause mortality and incident coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 78, Issue 3, September 2003, Pages 383–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.383

[34] Arya, S.S., Salve, A.R. & Chauhan, S. Peanuts as functional food: a review. J Food Sci Technol 53, 31–41 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2007-9

[35] Elaine B Feldman, Assorted monounsaturated fatty acids promote healthy hearts, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 70, Issue 6, December 1999, Pages 953–954, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.6.953

[36] Kelly, J., & Sabaté, J. (2006). Nuts and coronary heart disease: An epidemiological perspective. British Journal of Nutrition, 96(S2), S61-S67. doi:10.1017/BJN20061865

[37] C.G. Staggs, W.M. Sealey, B.J. McCabe, A.M. Teague, D.M. Mock, Determination of the biotin content of select foods using accurate and sensitive HPLC/avidin binding, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Volume 17, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 767-776, ISSN 0889-1575, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2003.09.015.

[38] Diana Pacheco-Alvarez, R.Sergio Solórzano-Vargas, Alfonso León Del Rı́o, Biotin in Metabolism and Its Relationship to Human Disease, Archives of Medical Research, Volume 33, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 439-447, ISSN 0188-4409, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0188-4409(02)00399-5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188440902003995)

[39] Nath R. Copper deficiency and heart disease: molecular basis, recent advances and current concepts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997 Nov;29(11):1245-54. doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(97)00060-5. PMID: 9451822.

[40] Lavigne PM, Karas RH. The current state of niacin in cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jan 29;61(4):440-446. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.030. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PMID: 23265337.

References 41-43

[41] McKay, D.L.; Eliasziw, M.; Chen, C.Y.O.; Blumberg, J.B. A Pecan-Rich Diet Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018, 10, 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030339

[42] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170182/nutrients

[43] https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/167755/nutrients

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